Vitamin B12 is crucial for red blood cell production, brain function, and DNA synthesis. While most get enough from diet, supplements can benefit vegans, vegetarians, and those with absorption issues. Deficiency risks include anemia and nerve damage, but excess B12 is excreted harmlessly. Choose supplements wisely, consult healthcare providers, and monitor interactions with medications. Ensure adequate intake through fortified foods or supplements, especially if dietary sources are limited.