Recent controversies in Alzheimer's research highlight significant challenges. A 2006 study suggesting beta-amyloid as the disease's cause may have involved fabricated data. The FDA approved aducanumab, targeting beta-amyloid, in 2021 despite mixed data. Researchers are now exploring a new theory: Alzheimer's as an autoimmune disorder where beta-amyloid misidentifies brain cells as threats. This fresh perspective aims to break from traditional approaches and could lead to innovative treatments.